Mark Kotter is a doctor, scientist, and serial entrepreneur. He is best known for discovering the importance of immune cells (macrophages) for brain regeneration, which inspired the first regenerative medicine trial for degenerative cervical myelopathy; and for developing opti-ox, a gene targeting approach that enables faithful execution of genetic information in cells. Applying this technology to cellular reprogramming, a synthetic biology approach for changing the identity of a cell, he was able to show that robust activation of a new cell type program (encoded in transcription factors) is necessary and sufficient to deterministically induce a new cellular identity. To pursue the moonshot goal of developing a scalable technology platform capable of producing every human cell for research, drug discovery, and cell therapy, Dr Kotter started bit.bio. He is also co-founder of Meatable, scientific founder of clock.bio and co-founder and trustee of Myelopathy.org.